Indonesia Traveling - Indonesia Traveling Sea and Land Guide

Thanks to Yogyes, the most nice Indonesian Museum site I see

Affandi Art of Painting Museum

The complex of the museum consists of 3 galleries with gallery I as the ticket box and the starting point of your exploration. Gallery I that was personally opened by Affandi in 1962 and was inaugurated in 1974 contains some of his paintings from the early time of his work to the late time of his life. The paintings most of which are sketches and reproductions are placed in two rows - upper and lower - that fill the curved room.

Still in Gallery I, you can see valuable things belonging to Affandi. At one corner of the room, there is a 1976 Colt Gallant car in greenish yellow color that was modified to form a fish, and an old wind-cycle as his means of transportation. The reproduction of the statue of Affandi and her daughter, Kartika, is shown as well.

Entering Gallery II, you will see paintings by different painters, both junior and senior ones. The gallery that was inaugurated in 1988 consists of two floors with paintings that you can see from different angles. The first floor is full of abstract paintings and the second floor contains realist-style paintings.

Gallery III as the next destination is a unique building of which roof resembles banana leaf. The three-stories floor is a multifunction gallery with the first floor functions as an exhibition room as well as the location of "Gajah Wong Gallery" for children who sharpen their painting ability, the second floor functions as paintings treatment and restoration room, and the room underground is utilized to keep painting collections.

There is a tower close to Gallery III where you can see the scenery of the entire museum, Gajah wong River and the hurly-burly of the main street. Walking to the west, you will come to a house with unique architecture where Affandi and his family used to live.

The house was built with the concept of a stage-house with concrete as the main pillars and other poles are from wood. The roof is shingle roof forming banana leaf and the shape of the building is uniquely curving. The ground floor is used for Kafe Loteng where you can buy foods and drinks and the upper floor is personal room of Affandi's.

At the left side of the house, there is a cart functioning as a place for praying. The cart used to be the resting place for Affandi's wife, Maryati. Initially, Maryati wanted a caravan as the ones used by many Americans as a mobile living place. Affandi agreed to the concept but with more Indonesian style, namely a cart.

Before leaving the museum, take a little time to visit the tomb of the maestro who passed away on 23 May 1990. The tomb lays between Gallery I and II. The eternal home of Affandi's lays beside his wife's eternal home. The yard of the homes is decorated by lushness of rose trees.

In order to visit Affandi Museum, you only have to spend IDR 10,000 for domestic tourists and IDR 20,000 for foreign tourists and additional IDR 10,000 for taking photographs.

Text: Yunanto Wiji Utomo

Batik Museum

Biology Museum

Central Museum

Dharma Wiratama Museum

Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum

The style of the building, the carvings, the reliefs and the very attractive statues bring the image of harmony and astonishing impression of Indonesian cultural artwork.

Diponegoro Museum

Outside the fort there were three-time gun explosions; the war started. North, east and south sides were besieged by Dutch troop. Paramilitary troop at the west side fought hard. Lead by Joyomustopo and Joyoprawiro, the paramilitary troop was pushed back. The force was far different. A man in white robe and white turban on his head calmly and wisely chose to break down the west wall of the castle. With several hits the wall was broken down. A command was given to save the family and the remaining paramilitary troop. With his entire troop, the man in white robe chose to go away to the west. It was such a difficult decision made to save his family and troop.
Kanjeng Pangeran Diponegoro (Prince Diponegoro)

He was born in the Kingdom of Yogyakarta on 11 November 1785; his nickname was Bendoro Raden Mas Ontowiryo and later was called Kanjeng Pangeran Diponegoro as the oldest son of Raden Ayu Mangkorowati (the daughter of Pacitan Regent) the concubine of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono III (HB III).

Pangeran Diponegoro had stronger interest in religious life and equality with lay people, so that he preferred to live in Tegalrejo village.
Java War

During the reign of HB V (1822), Pangeran Diponegoro did not agree to the governance system held by Patih Danurejo and a Dutch officer. This rebellion culminated in 1825, after the Dutch made the road connecting Yogyakarta and Magelang passing through his house (now a railway). The Dutch colony that did not ask Pangeran Diponegoro for permission was fought by Pangeran and his troop. The Dutch that had a reason to seize Pangeran Diponegoro as a rebel; the Dutch troop surrounded his house on 20 July 1825. Being shoved, Pangeran and his family saved their lives to the west until Dekso village in Kulonprogo Regency and continued to the south reaching Selarong cave located five kilometers west of Bantul town.

The Dutch troop that did not succeed in capturing him fired Pangeran Diponegoro's house.

Selarong cave that is situated in Kentolan Lor village, Guwosari Pajangan of Bantul Regenc was the camp of Pangeran Diponegoro where he set guerrilla strategy against the Dutch colony. Pangeran lived in the west part of the cave, named Goa Kakung, functioning as his place for meditating. Raden Ayu Retnaningsih (his concubine who faithfully accompanied him after the demise of his earlier two wives) and his troop lived in Goa Putri in the eastern part.

The Diponegoro War that lasted until 1830 was called Java Oorlog (Java War) in history books written by the Dutch writers. In this war, the Dutch colony lost not less than 15,000 soldiers and spent more than 20 millions Gulden.
The History of Sasana Wiratama building

Located about 4 kilometers of Jogja city center, as wide as 2.5 hectares land that used to be managed by Tourism and Culture Department was handed by the heir of Pangeran Diponegoro, Raden Ayu Kanjangteng Diponegoro, to function as a monument after signing a transfer letter with Nyi Hadjar Dewantara and Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Purejodiningrat. On the land that is now owned by Yogyakarta Kingdom, beginning from mid of 1968 until 19 August 1969, a monument was built on pringgitan building that adjoined with the pendopo at the center of the complex. The project was initiated by Major General Surono who was the Commander of the Military District and was inaugurated by President Suharto. This place was then named Sasana Wiratama that means the place for soldiers.

Pangeran Diponegoro monument is relief on 20 meters-long and 4 meters-high wall, telling the quiet and peaceful Tegalrejo village and the war of Pangeran Diponegoro opposing the Dutch colony until his capture in Magelang. This monument was carved by Drs. Saptoto of Indonesian Arts Academy assisted by Sutopo, Sokodiharjo and Askabul. On both sides of the monument, there were self portrait of Pangeran Diponegoro on the west side and the painting of Pangeran Diponegoro who was riding his black horse, ready to wage war, on the east side.

Passing through the main gate, turning to west side, the hall is surrounded by museum, the broken wall, dormitory and library. Additional buildings other than the hall including the gate were made between 1970 and 1973, led by Major General Widodo. The broken wall and Padasan, the place for Moslems to take clean water before praying, and Komboran, a stone container for Pangeran Diponegoro's horses to get water and food, at the south-east part of the hall are inheritances of Pangeran Diponegoro.

In front of the building situated on H.O.S Cokroaminoto Street in Tegalrejo village, there is a statue of Lieutenant General Urip Soemohardjo with the writing "Orde.Contre-Ordre.Desordre!" on the east side and a statue of General Sudirman with the writing "Jangan Lengah" meaning 'Don't be inattentive' on the west side. These statues represent the place where Indonesian people struggled for their independence. After passing through the gate, there is a two-meter high wall resembling the dome of a mosque with a picture of a giant opposing a dragon on the upper part of it. "The picture means Butho Mekso Basuki ning Bawono, Javanese old words or codes that are expressed in pictures," said Budiman to YogYES. The words are read backwards. The writing of 5281 means 1825 as the onset of Diponegoro war.
Historical Remains

There are 100 items as the collection of Diponegoro museum, consisting of some original goods of Diponegoro paramilitary troop ranging from war weapons, coins, precious stone and home furniture. Some examples of weapons are lance, kris, sword, arrow, bandil (iron hammer), patrem (a kind of weapon for women), and candrasa (a sharp weapon that looks like a chignon pin used by women spies). There are also some household tools made from brass in 1700s such as betel container and its kecohan (container in which someone spits after chewing betel), canting (an instrument used to make batik) holder, bringsing pot, and various forms of kacip (a tool to slice areca nut as an ingredient to chew betel).

There are two sacred weapons kept in this museum, namely a kris with 21 curves named Kyai Omyang, made by an empu (kris maker) who lived during Majapahit time and a sword originating from Demak Kingdom. Those two sacred weapons are believed to be able to prevent disasters.

There is also a small statue of Ganesha, the lace of the horses that pull a cart presented by HB VIII, a couple of Loro Blonyo statue and a pair of decorative lamp. There are some parts of the gamelan (Javanese music instrument) owned by HB II that was made in 1752
in the forms of a percussion and wilahan bonang made of wood, copper and brass. There is also a cannon in the east of the hall.

In addition to the broken wall, padasan and komboran, other inheritances are kept in Magelang. There are Koran, Cup and Pot, Robe, four tables and one chair. In Satria Mandala museum in Jakarta there are horse saddle and a lance. One kris of Pangeran Diponegoro is still kept in Netherlands.
The Demise of a Great Struggler

After lasting for five years and suffering from big loss and promising 50,000 Gulden to whomever that can capture Pangeran Diponegoro, the Dutch colony still could not capture him.

* 16 February 1830, Colonel Cleerens came to Pangeran Diponegoro in Remo Kamal, Bagelen, Purworejo to invite him for a meeting in Magelang. Pangeran Diponegoro agreed to this idea.
* On 28 March 1830, with his troop, Pangeran Diponegoro saw General Governor Markus de Kock. In the meeting De Kock urged Pangeran Diponegoro to cease war. Pangeran Diponegoro refused it. The Dutch colony, via Colonel Du Perron, had prepared a careful attack. Pangeran Diponegoro and his troop were defeated. On the day, Pangeran Diponegoro was exiled to Ungaran and then he was brought to Residence Building in Semarang.
* 5 April 1830 he was sent to Batavia by Pollux ship.
* 11 April 1830 he was arrested in Stadhuis (now Fatahillah museum).
* 30 April 1830, General Governor Van den Bosch decided to send Pangeran Diponegoro, Retnaningsih, Tumenggung Diposono and his wife, and other followers such as Mertoleksono, Banteng Wereng and Nyai Sotaruno to Manado for an exile.
* 3 May 1830, Pangeran Diponegoro and the group were sent by Pollux ship and were arrested in Amsterdam Fort. The Dutch colony still considered him a threat since in this place he cans still communicate with community.
* In 1834 he was exiled separately. Pangeran Diponegoro and Retnaningsih were sent to Makassar, South Sulawesi and were arrested in Roterdam Fort under tight control.
* Pangeran Diponegoro could not move freely. He spent the days with Retnaningsih and finally he died on 8 January 1855. He was buried in Kampung Melayu, Makassar, side by side with his wife tomb.

After 151 years, Indonesian people still feel the lost of the great struggler. He had the struggle spirit without ever surrendering.

Commemorating a great struggler can be done in different ways. If you want to have a closer look at the spirit of Pangeran Diponegoro's struggle and experienced it yourself, the broken wall will tell you about it silently. You can only see such an extraordinary view of the wall that was broken only by the hits of Pangeran Diponegoro's in Sasana Wiratama. (YogYES.COM: R. Syah)

Dirgantara Mandala Museum

Fort Vredenburg Museum

Geotechnology Mineral Museum

Kekayon Puppet Museum

The video recording describing the history of Indonesian nation may be seen often, but a recording in the form of a replica accounting for Indonesian history from old time to the independence proclamation is rarely seen, moreover a recording containing the history of the puppet art from the sixth to tenth centuries. Kekayon museum presents the rare recording in the location of its foundation, around 1 kilometer of the East Ring Road.

The museum that describes the history of Indonesian nation as well as the puppet history was founded on 23 July 1990 by Soedjono Prawirohadikusumo, a specialist doctor of mentally sick people. He believed that the art of leather puppet was able to bring someone to understanding of knowledge and manners to come to maturity in the sense that one can transform his knowledge to the next generation.

Entering the yard of the museum, you begin to turn on the recording of the Indonesian history. At the left, front corner of the museum, there is a building complex of the ancient human beings describing the origin of Indonesian people. Not far from it, an Austronesia complex describes the entrance of the new civilization to Indonesia so that agriculture and trading developed, especially thanks to the arrival of Chinese people.

At the front part of the museum, there is Borobudur lion statue, symbolizing the entrance of Hindu Buddha culture in the first - seventh centuries with Borobudur temple being the top of their culture. Water tower complex with the roof forming a temple lies at the right, rear of the museum, describing the triumph of Majapahit that succeeded in uniting almost all Indonesian current areas, even up to the current Malaysia and Thailand.

The symbol of Islam civilization advancement as the next historical scene in Indonesia after the triumph of Hindu Buddha is symbolized by Kudus Tower. Meanwhile, Pancuran Bidadari complex that is located at the left, center of the museum symbolizes the influence of the Dutch nation that colonized Indonesia for 350 years. The two complexes reflect the events taking place in Indonesia in the sixteenth century.

Replica of one scene of leather puppet art development is also made, in the form of Gunungan Kartasura that is located at the left, rear of the museum, describing the completion puppet stories in the eighteenth century by an artist of Surakarta Kingdom named Yododiupro from Kakawin Ramayana to become Serat Ramayana. Baleranu Mangkubumi complex, Japan statue and Proclamation statue symbolize the scene of Indonesian history before the independence.

Entering the room of the museum consisting of 4 parts, you will see collection of various leather puppets owned by Soedjono. There is a collection of the oldest leather puppets, namely wayang purwa or the first leather puppets that were performed since the era of Kediri Kingdom. The available wayang purwa are those made from buffalo skin with and without accessories. Room 1 and 2 are the places to keep the puppet collection.

Room 3 keeps other kinds of puppet, for instance Wayang Madya that existed in Kediri-Majapahit time, telling the time after Bharatayudha war.

Besides, there are gedhog puppets telling the story of Dewi Candrakirana, klithik puppet telling Damarwulan and Minakjinggo, Dupara puppet telling the struggle of Diponegoro and Suluh puppet that tells the struggle of Indonesian people to get the independence.

What is unique is that this museum keeps Wayang Kancil telling the legendary story of a mouse deer that stole cucumber, a puppet story that was adapted to become a famous story among old and young people. There are two kinds of Wayang Golek originating from West Java, and statues of some puppet characters such as Dewi Shinta and Rahwana.

In this museum, you can match your zodiac with the characters in the puppet world and foresee your character through a poster hanging on the wall that you can read clearly. There is another poster describing the war strategies used during Brathayuda war, by both Pandawa and Kurawa, which were successfully implemented to defeat the enemy. Some of the strategies are lobster pincer and elephant strategies.

You do not have to spend much to visit this museum. The entrance ticket is IDR 3,000 and additional IDR 2,000 for guidance book. Before begin your exploration, a guide will explain to you about the history and parts of the museum. Public transportation is easy to find to reach this place.
Text: Yunanto Wiji Utomo

Kereta Kencana Museum or Museum of Chariot

Kolong Tangga Museum

“Come and See a Story” is a children's show, also by Kolong Tangga, at the Culture Park about how storytelling can be done with writing and other art forms, said Indra.
He said the exhibition is intended to encourage children to read high quality books and to raise awareness of classic toys and games that may be dying out.
The collection already numbers more than 900 toys, games and tales — from Indonesia and abroad. The current exhibition makes use of some 400 pieces.
Around the world, those who care about children have donated to the museum.
The toys and stories are carefully arranged to entice and educate. A mask from Indonesia is displayed alongside one from another country to stir curiosity.
Of course, as the visitors are children, the museum will be hands-on. There are ceramics, clay and puppet workshops.
Children can also try magic tricks and making flower vases, necklaces and curtains.
“These activities are fun — more fun than napping at home,” said one child, Elvi, who was making a puppet.
Some children, including three-year-old Ken Pengasih Suci, who came with her mother and sister, find it hard to part with some of the unique items.
“Can we buy it? The doll is so beautiful! How much is it?” visitor Egi from Dukuh in Bantul regency wanted to know.
“We search everywhere for toys and games that are special. We find many countries share common toys and games.”
Dakon, a board game common to both Indonesia and India that may have been carried abroad by refugees or soldiers, is the example Indra used.
“We always appreciate information about toys and games we haven't seen in order to complete our collections,” he added.

Slamet Susanto

Kraton Museum

Kraton Yogyakrta: This main palace is divided into the Main court and the residence area. You can grasp some of the majestic lifestyle of the royal family as you enter this place through the displays. The palace remains open from 9am to 3pm.

Alun Alun: These are the two sultan's ground. The names of the grounds are alun-alun-utara and alun-alun-selatan.

Taman Sari: Also known as the water castle, Taman Sari was originally a pleasure garden that was built by the first sultan of Yogyakarta. The beautiful bathing pools can still be detected in the ruined structure. There are parades held on these grounds on Prophet Mohammad's birthday.

Sultan's Carriage Museum: The Museum displays the horse drawn carriages drawn that belonged to the sultan. You can also see the two special carriages that were imported from Netherlands so many years ago.

Siti Hinggil Selatan: This was also a palace originally used for formal events. Now it is used for the shadow puppet shows that take place on every weekend night.

Masjid Gede Kauman: This is a very ancient mosque that is located at the west of alun-alun-utara, one of the sultan's grounds. This mosque used to be the venue for all religious ceremonies performed or observed by the royal family. Non-Muslim visitors are expected to maintain certain decorum when they enter the palace.

Guided tours are conducted regularly around the entire complex. However, the visitors should be careful and avoid being gulled by the guides.

Museum Dan Tanah Liat

By 2000, Ugo has already found himself getting as walled-in as before; a whole community of artists and indescribable species have occupied practically every space around the vicinity.

His escapade was to be gotten by building a brand new space to host all those people -- and this was what would be the little art space he calls "Museum and Tanah Liat" (Clay, the name of his first kid).

All the Museum's activities have been meticulously listed in so many words at another page. Basically, it takes anyone and anything in: painters, sculptors, collectors and exhibitors of objects, installation artists, dancers, musicians, video artists, and so on. Ugo Untoro is of course the chief curator there. His wife Yayuk manages the establishment. A sculptor, Supar Madiyanto, helps sorting proposals and artists and artworks out. There are several other curators and/or some guys who take care of administrative stuff.
OPEN HOURS
Everyday from 09.00 - 21.00 WIB or by appoinment

Pura Pakualaman Museum

Palace of (Pura) Pakualaman is one of the urban heritage of the City of Gudeg. Pura Pakualaman consists of many buildings in one exclusive area, more or less 5,4 ha. It is interesting to understand that Pura Pakualaman is heading southward, on the contrary with Kraton Yogyakarta which is heading northward.

As the center of local government, Pura Pakualaman has alun-alun, masjid, and traditional market. There are also common people society, abdi dalem, and several other building with theirs unique functions, and all of them is included in Kecamatan Pakualaman.

You will pass Alun-alun Sewandana which has many Beringin trees to enter the main area of Pura Pakualaman. After the main gate, called Regol Danawara, there is an inscription written on the gate 7-8-1884, as the mark of establishment of the regol. In the cepuri part, there is a beautiful park and some sacred buildings, such as Pendapa Bangsal Sewatama, Dalem Ageng Prabasuyasa with pasren and room of traditional weapons, Bangsal Sewarengga, Gedhong Maerakaca, Bangsal Parangkarsa, and Gedong Purwaretna.

Those unique buildings function in ceremonial events, but also in daily activities of Sri Paku Alam and his family. Besides, there are also offices, horse stable and deer stable.

Ratu Boko Palace

History of the establishment and the use of Ratu Boko is known from epigraph or inscription found in the Ratu Boko area, that is the Walaing epigraph 792 M, containing of celebration of establishment of Abhayagiriwihara by Rakai Panangkaran. Ratu Boko was a vihara for a monk of Buddha, named Abhayagiri. On 856 M, the area was functioned as a palace by Rakai Walaing Pu Khumbayoni who was a Hindu. Therefore it makes sense if Hindu and Buddha elements are in the ruins of Ratu Boko.

Elements of Hindu can be seen through yoni, three miniaturs of the temple, arca of Ganesha and Durga, also gold and silver plate, written about mantra of Hindu. Besides elements of Buddha can be recognized from arca of Buddha, some ruins of stupa, and stupica.

The ruins of Ratu Boko is known as a palace since it is mentioned in the epigraph and it looks like the description of a palace. In the literature of Bharatayudha, Kresnayana, Gatotkacasraya, and Bhomakawya, it is mentioned that the palace was an area of buildings sorrounding by gates, with pool and some other buildings inside such as a worship building and outside the palace, there is a town square. The umpak and batur from andesit indicates that the building was made of wood.

Based on the location, buildings in the ruins of Ratu Boko can be categorized into three, such as west group, south-east, and east. The building is located on the terraces of the hill, with the front yard on the westward, consists of three terraces. Each terrace is separated by andesit gate 3,50 meter height, and the escarpment is also made of andesit. The border of the southward yard is made of andesit, but the the north border is directly carved from hill.

The southeast part consists of floor structure, gate, batur pendopo, batur pringgitan, miniature of the temple, sorrounding walls, two complex of pool, and ruins of stupa. The two pools are bordered with a wall with an entrace. On the base of the pool, there is lingga yoni, directly to the bedrock. The east group consists of a pool and two caves called Goa Lanang and Goa Wadon.

Samudraraksa Ship Museum

This ship succeeds to make a history in Samudraraksa Ship Expedition when it sails to reroute the marine exploration in the eight century.

In this museum, you will see how strong the ship that is made traditionally. You will also see the items used during the voyage. For instance: cooking equipments, daily appliances, books, CDs and cassettes. Books are time killers for the voyagers. CDs and cassettes will console their heart and remedy their longing for their beloved ones. There are also medicines to keep their health.
SAMUDRARAKSI, from relief to Africa

* 8 November 1982 Philip Beale visited Borobudur temple and he admired the ship relief on the temple. He was inspired to "follow" the voyage route of Borobudur Ship.
* September 2002 Philip Beale contacted Nick Burningham to design Borobudur ship that is capable of sailing the ocean.
* 19 January 2003 Borobudur Ship is started to be made by As'ad Abdullah aged 69 years old in Pagerungan Kecil Island, Sumenep Regency, Madura by using traditional technology.
* May 2003 a selection of the ship crew member candidates was done.
* 25 May 2003 Borobudur Ship was launched to the sea.
* June 2003 Sailing Test from Pangerungan Kecil Island to Benoa (Bali), through Banyuwangi waters.
* 2 July 2003 Seminar on pre-launching of Borobudur Ship in Jakarta.
* 16 July 2003 Borobudur Ship is inaugurated by the Minister of Culture and Tourism I Gede Ardika, then followed by press conference.
* 22 July 2003 Borobudur Ship left Benoa for Ancol, Jakarta, through Surabaya, Karimunjawa, and Semarang.
* 15 August 2003 Borobudur Ship was named Samudraraksa that means "Sea Guard" and set for Madagaskar by President Megawati Sukarnoputri.
* 12 September 2003 the sailing reached Victoria harbor, Seychelles.
* 29 September 2003 Samudraraksa Ship left Seychelles for Madagaskar.
* 14 October 2004 Samudraraksa Ship reached Mahajanga, Madagaskar.
* 26 October 2003 Samudraraksa Ship left for Cape Town, South Africa.
* 16 November 2003 harbored at Richards Bay.
* 1 December 2003 harbored at Durban Harbor.
* 7 December 2003 harbored at Elizabeth Harbor.
* 5 January 2004 arrived in Cape Town, South Africa.
* 17 January 2004 left for Ghana.
* 3 February 2004 reached Jamestown Bay, ST.Helena.
* 23 February 2004 Samudraraksa arrived the final destination and harbored in Tema Harbor, Accra, Graha.
* 26 March 2004 the crew members of Samudraraksa Ship got Satya Lencana from President Megawati Sukarnoputri.

Finally, the strong ship that has sailed thousands kilometers and broke the ocean waves stays in this museum.
Samudraraksa Ship

Dimension of Samudraraksa Ship:

* Length 18.29 meters
* Width 4.50 meters
* Height 2.25 meters

This ship is divided into 3 parts, namely:

* Front (cabin for sleeping)
* Middle (dining room and navigation)
* Rear (driving room, kitchen)

During its sailing, the ship is equipped with:

* 2 upright sails
* 2 driver wheels
* Double leeboards

The speed of Samudraraksa is 3-10 knots Ship capacity:

* 16 people
* 1500 fresh water
* 900 kg rice
* 2 upright sails
* 1 ton of firewood
* 0.5 ton of food and ingredients

This ship is also equipped with safety facilities, namely:

* Global Positioning Satellite (to locate the ship position)
* NavTex (to receive weather information)
* EchoSounder (to detect water depth)
* Inmarsat Telephone Satellite (to communicate on the ocean)
* 2 Lift Rafts

Sasmita Sudirman Museum

Based on the Round Table Conference on 27 December in Den Haag, Netherlands officially handed over the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. Unfortunately, the Great General Sudirman could not see further result of his struggle. Tuberculosis virus gnawing his lungs after going in and out of forests for months finally defeated him. On 29 January 1950, the Great General died in a place provided for retired soldiers in Badakan, Magelang. He was then buried in the funeral for the patriots in Semaki, Yogyakarta.

The Great Commander is also a common human being. He has home and family to protect. Through this visualization, the museum tells more about the life of General Sudirman as a husband and father, and the highest leader in military. A general that never surrendered to colonies, even to the illness he suffered. Entering the museum seems like entering channel of time when the Great General Sudirman spent his days as a Leader. (YogYES.COM: R. Syah)

Sonobudoyo Museum

Tugu Jogja, the Most Popular Landmark in Yogyakarta

Ullen Sentalu museum

Yogya Returned Museum

The sound of serene signaling break time sounded from the Dutch defense post. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto, Commander of Brigade 10 of Wehrkreise III area, an attack to the Dutch defense was started after getting an agreement from Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX as initiator of the attack. The Dutch troop that since the Dutch Military Aggression II in December 1948 was distributed to small posts was separated and weakened. During six hours, Indonesian National Army succeeded in occupying Yogyakarta, after hitting the Dutch troop. Right at 12.00 in the afternoon, as it was planned, all Indonesian army drew back from the city center when the Dutch support came; total loose at the Dutch side.
Indonesia Had Been Independent

This battle known as Serangan Umum 1 Maret was initial authentication to the international world that Indonesian National Army still had power to fight and to state that the Republic of Indonesia still existed. This was triggered by the capture and the exile of Bung Karno and Bung Hatta to Sumatera setting propaganda that the Republic of Indonesia had not existed.

This news about the six-hour attack was then sent to Wonosari, continued to Bukit Tinggi, then Burma, New Delhi (India), and finally in the main office of the UN in New York. With this news, the United Nations that considered Indonesia to have been independent compelled the execution of KTN (Komisi Tiga Negara / Commission of Three Nations). The meeting held in Des Indes Hotel Jakarta on 14 April 1949, where Indonesia was represented by Moh. Roem and representatives of Netherlands led by Van Royen, resulted in an agreement signed on 7 May 1949. This agreement was later called Roem Royen Statement. In this agreement Netherlands was compelled to withdraw its troop from Indonesia, and to return President and the Vice President, Soekarno-Hatta to Jogja. Finally on 27 December 1949 Netherlands officially handed over the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.
Implied and Explicit Meaning of History Hallmark

In order to commemorate the struggle history of the nation, Yogya Kembali monument was built on 29 June 1985. The placement of the first stone of the 31.8 meter-high monument was done by HB IX after planting buffalo head as traditional ceremony. Four years later, on 6 July 1989, this building was finished. The opening was done by President Soeharto by signing the inscription.

The monument that is located in Jongkang village, Sariharjo Sub-District, Ngaglik District of Sleman Regency is of a mountain shape, symbolizing fertility and preservation of pre-historical ancestor's culture. The location of the monument was based on local culture that is located on imaginary axis connecting Merapi, Tugu, Sultan Palace, Panggung Krapyak, and Parang Tritis. "Macrocosmic Axis or the Great Axis of Life", as Gunadi told YogYES. The imaginary point in the building standing on 5.6 hectare land can be seen on the third floor where the flag pole is standing.

The name Yogya Kembali that means Yogya Returns symbolizes the return of the function of Indonesian Republic Government and historical hallmark of the Dutch troop withdrawal from Yogyakarta as the capital on 29 June 1949 and the return of President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and other officers on 6 July 1949 to Yogyakarta.
From Aircraft Replica to Quiet Room

Entering the monument area that is located about three kilometers north of Jogja city center visitors will be welcomed by replica of Cureng Aircraft close to the east gate and replica of Guntai Aircraft close to the west entrance. Stepping up the podium at west and east sides, visitors can see two wheeled-machine guns complete with the seats, before stepping down to the open space in front of the foot of the monument mountain. At the south end of the yard stands a wall containing 420 names of the strugglers who died between 19 December 1948 and 29 June 1949 and the poem entitled Karawang Bekasi by Chairil Anwar that is intended for unknown patriots.

The monument is surrounded by fish pond that is divided by four alleys going to the main building. West and east alleys connect to the entrance of the first floor that consists of four rooms presenting at least 1,000 collections of the attack on 1 March, the struggle before the independence until Yogyakarta became the capital of Indonesia. Uniform of Student Military and the sedan chair used to carry the Great General Sudirman are kept there. There is also the main meeting room, which is located adjacent to room I. This rounded room of 25 meter diameter is a functional room that is rented for seminar of even feasts.

North and south alleys are connected to the stairs leading to the second floor at the outdoor wall that circles the building that is carved with 40 reliefs picturing the struggle of Indonesian nation from 17 August 1945 until 28 December 1949. Some historical events such as physical struggle and diplomacies since the proclamation of Indonesian independence, the return of the President and Vice President to Yogyakarta and the formation of People's Security Army are pictured in the relief. While in the building, there are 10 dioramas encircling the building and picturing situations when the Dutch troop attacked Maguwo on 19 December 1948, 1 March attack, Roem Royen Statement, and ceremony of Independence Day on 17 August 1949 in Gedung Agung Yogyakarta.

The uppermost floor is a round, quiet room with a flag pole with the red and white flag on it at the center of the room, and relief of a fist on the west wall symbolizing physical struggle and diplomacy struggle on the east wall. The Garbha Graha room functions as a place to say prayers for the heroes and remember their struggle.

By far, the history of the nation struggle is heard only from the history teachers at school, or from the story told by the grandfather to his children in law. Yogya Kembali monument gives clearer description of how the independence was achieved by looking at the dioramas, carved reliefs or collection of clothes and weapons used by the strugglers of the independence. One place that will satisfy your desires of knowledge about the road that Indonesian nation had to take to get its independence. (YogYES.COM: R. Syah)