|
Up | Ambon | Aru, Kei, Tanimbar | Halmahera | Seram | Buru, Sula | Babar | Damar | Kisar | Leti | Romang | Wetar | Old Dynasties | Arts and Crafts |
|
8 Old Dynasties Moluccas |
|
2 Ambon, 5
Halamaheira, 1 Kisar |
|
sources: Kingdoms of Indonesia |
|
|
 |
.-th.jpg) |
 |
 |
|
Ambon Hitu |
Ambon Tulehu |
Bacan |
Loloda |
|
Raja Abdul Kadir |
Raja John S. Ohorella |
Gahral Adyan Shah |
Jogugu Kaicil Lutfi
Muhammad Syamsuddin |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Jailolo |
Ternate |
Tidore |
Kisar |
|
Sultan-Abdullah-Syah |
Sultan-Drs.-Mudafar-II-Syah-Masjur-Kamo-Lano |
Sultan-H.-Djafar-Yunus-Syah |
Raja Johannes Hermanus J.
Bakker |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ambon-Tulehu-Raja
John S. OhorellaRaja John S. Ohorella |
Installation Raja John S. Ohor.jpg) ella
of Tulehu(Ambon);ca. 13-2-2003 |
|
|
|
Ambon Hitu |
|
|
 |
|
|
|
Hitu-one of the few principalities of the S-Moluccans still
existing
In general the south part of the Moluccans are divided in
several, or better said: many areas called negris and not really in
principalities, or kingdoms.
That was because of the ruling systems in this area.
Also because the former foreign governments in here encouraged and
stimulated seperate rule in all these areas.
There was some kind of ruling system, which was a development to
more centralised rule, but wishes inside the society and the foreign
stimulance of divided rule also didn't really speed up this process.
In general only the Hitu area in the north of Ambon island (covering
a big part of that area ), the island of Kisar, some areas on Ceram,
the negris of Kilang, Nusanive and Soya( and some more) are
considered as a sort of principality.
Hitu exists as a semi-principality in development (so you can
describe it at least) already for ca. 500 years. Before the begin of
the first fereation head in 1512 there were some rulers, who were
also described as the ruler of Hitu, but not of the Hitu as a
federation, but of a negri.
In history the federation rule was described as being divided over 4
lines,2 delivered the federationhead, 1 the Raja Hitu(from which are
descended a later Raja Hitu line) and another ruler.
The Hitu federation was brought to an end officially with the
violent death of the last federationhead, who was the Kapitan
Hitu;in 1643.
From a son are descended the later rajas of Hitulama, who are
considered as the heirs of the Hitu principality.
There are also the rulers of Hitumessing with the same familyname,
who live in the same area, but have a different people to rule as
negri rulers.
On 21-3-2007 Upu Latu Sitania,or Raja Salhana Pelu was installed as
the 37th raja of an area,which ever carried a Hitu-name and the 19th
descendant of the first Hitu ruler (the negri) :Raja Abdul Kadir.
The present raja is born in 1975 and has studied economics and now
is working in the businessworld.
He tries to live a clean moral live and even punished his brother,
who was temptated by gambling some time ago.
The crownhat of the raja is a copy of the original one,but the
objects on it and the design is original.
The Pelu dynasty is known to be pietistic,but not fundamentalistic.
The Hitu federation was formed by several negris, which still
recognize the special traditional position of the Raja of Hitulama.
The several hunderds S-Moluccan negris with their rulers are united
in a council of upu latu's (rajas) although not all has the right to
have according the tradition the title of raja), which is f.i. in
2009 led by Raja Abdullah Malawat of Mamala (also a member of the
Hitu federation). |
|
|
|
|
|
Bacan- Sultan Gahral Adyan Shah |
(N-Moluccan) Died on Monday 21 September 2009
Ternate (AFP) - Thousands of Ternate, North Maluku (Maluku Utara)
welcomed the corpse of Sultan of Bacan Gahral Adyan Shah at Babullah
Airport, Tuesday, which was brought from Jakarta using charter
aircraft.
Sultan Bacan died at his home in the area of Pondok Indah
Jakarta on Monday evening due to illness suffered kidney failure
last few years. He died at the age of 66 years.
From Sultan Babullah Airport, the corpse of former Regent of
the North Maluku (Maluku Utara) while still in the area of Maluku
province) was taken to Kedaton Sultanate of Ternate.
Sultan Bacan still a close relative of Shah Sultan Ternate
Mudaffar Syah. Sultan's body was taken to the next Bacan Labuha,
South Halmahera District (Halmahera Selatan) using a motor boat.
Some officials in Maluku Utara, like Governor of Maluku Utara
Thaib Armaiyn , Lieutenant Governor of Maluku Utara Gani Kasuba,
regent / mayor as Maluku Utara, parliament leaders and traditional
leaders in the area looking corpse drive in Sultan of Bacan to the
port Bastiong of Ternate.
Sultan Bacan left a wife and two children. One son works at
one foreign bank and to this day he has not arrived in Ternate.
One community leader in Maluku Utara also Vice Chairman of
Legislative of Maluku Utara Mr. Syaiful Ruray said has lost one of
his best characters.
He added that the deceased had been a boon to many areas
Maluku Utara both in terms of governance and the social field.
Sultan Bacan was one of the pioneering expansion into the
province of North Maluku in 1999 ago. He was also instrumental in
fighting many division two districts in Malut into nine districts.
Meanwhile, information from the Sultanate Bacan Bacan
mentioned that the Sultan will be buried in the courtyard of Sultan
Bacan on Tuesday night after the first interred in the Sultanate
Kedaton Bacan. (*) |
|
|
|
Bacan |
|
1322 State of Bacan founded.
Sultans (also styled Kolano Madehe)
.... - 1826 Sultan Hamarullah
1826 - 1862 Sultan Muhammad Hayatuddin Syah Putera
1862 - 1889 Sultan Muhammad Sadik Syah
1889 - 1900 Vacant
1900 - 1917? Sultan Muhammad Usman Syah |
|
|
|
Halmaheira Loloda |
Loloda - the 5th principali ty of the North-Moluccans
Normally we speak of 4 kingdoms in the North-Moluccans
:Ternate, Tidore, Bacan and Jailolo.
But there is a 5th principality, about which not very much people
know about. It is the on the west-part of the island of Halmahera
lying principality of Loloda.
About this there are several legends:the first raja descended from a
sultan of Bacan, founded by a Prince/descendant of a sultan of
Ternate, etc.
Western historains say, that in the very old time,when the
principalities in the N-Moluccans were founded, there were more
little stateletts. Besides the 4 later sultanates, not one of them
survived, only Loloda did.
Before it must have been a quite powerfull principality, but later
lost power to Jailolo, who then became the 1st ruler of the N-Moluccans.
But up until the Dutch time the rajas of Loloda were recognized as
semi-independent rajas under Ternate. It is not known,when exactly
they came under the rule of Ternate.
In 1908 the Dutch East-Indish Government found it better to more
centralize the rule here, so Raja Syamsuddin (died 1915) then lost
his semi-independent position and became just a districtchief with
he title Sengaji. Also you can call them later Jogugu's.
The last ruling member of the dynasty was Jongofa, or Jogugu Haji
Djami Bin Syamsuddin; 2nd son of the last raja, who had from 1945 a
bit a restored position as local ruler. He stayed on as traditional
leader of his people until his death in 1977. Nothing special was
than done in the dynasty, until the time,that the dynasties in
Indonesia were allowed to retake their cultural place in the
society.
In 1999 his son Jogugu Bayan Bin Syamsuddin was installed. He died
in 2004.
He was succeeded by the in 1959 born son Jogugu Kaicil Lutfi
Muhammad Syamsuddin, who was officially installed as monarch of
Loloda in the palace of the sultan of Ternate 30-8-2009.
The present jogugu of Loloda is a specialist on agriculture in the
local government.
The dynasty maintains a very interesting website at "Loloda Kerajaan
Facebook". Click on the name Loloda Kerajaan there and then on
notes, or pictures, video, etc. and you will see many interesting
information.
Finally the world can be witness,that the rajadynasty of
Loloda can take his place in the world of traditional ruling
families again.
Also the sultan of Ternate is a help to restore old traditional
institutes, so that the local people have a good focuspoint for
their own cultural identity. |
|
|
|
Jailolo-Sultan-Abdullah-Syah |
The last heir to the crown died e nd
17th century, then only the dynasty had some minor role in the area
under the Sultan of Ternate.
Short revival 1797-1832 and a royal rebellion 1875-1876. When the
rivalries in N-Moluccans began the big the Sultan of Ternate
proposed to restore the social system of the 4 kingdoms of the N-Moluccans:
Moloku Kie Raha. So this highest representative of the dynasty; a
former armyofficer in Riau and descended from the last exiled Sultan
was made sultan.
In 2008 the government wants to restore the palace of the Sultan in
Soakonara.
In the old days the Sultans of Jailolo were the most importants
sultans of the N. Mollucans. There were 4 sultans. Later Bacan
became more important , but finally Ternate began to play a leading
role here, up to the modern time. Jailolo was destroyed ca. 340
years after founding of the Sultanate in 1515. From that year on the
Sultanate (based on Halmahera island) became more or less vassal of
Ternate. From 1611 the Sultans stayed on Ternate and the last Sultan
of Jailolo was murdered in 1656. The local sentiments stayed on.
Halmahera including Jailolo; which was then in the hands of the
Sultans of Ternate and Tidore. Local Jailolo royals tried again end
18th century. Sultan Nuku Amiruddin of Tidore promised to restore
Jailolo sultanate, if the Jailolo royals helped him and he cound be
installed as Sultan of Tidore (against the wish of the Dutch).
And it was done in 1797. Three Sultans of Jailolo ruled from
1798 until 1832; nearly non-stop ; the last 2 ruled in N-Ceram. Then
they were exiled because of their non-wish to act against pirates. A
descendant of the last Sultan Jailolo; Sultan Muhamad Asgar;
Kimelaha Sugi,Muhammad Saleh (1808-1818/as Sultan of Seram
1825-1832) died in exile in 1839. A descendant of him came to live
on Sumatra,where he became (born in Pangkalpinang) major in the
infantry and married a Princess of Yogyakarta: Raden Ayu
Hartini.(died 1962). He later remarried a woman of an
Arab-Indonesian family:Maryam Alatas.
He met once in his life present Sultan of Ternate: Mufadar II;
with which he discussed the structure of the 4 kings in the N.-Moluccans.
Sultan Ternate had his politcal ambitions, but also misunderstood
much by much local people,who accused him of to much helping the
Christians (not true). When Sultan Ternate was pushed aside
temporarily and went for a short time to Java, a reconsiliation was
discussed. A permanent one in the N. Mollucans.
It was agreed that the 4-kings system would be reintroduced here. So
in Januari 2002 Sultan Abdullah Syah of Jailolo was installed as
Sultan. Because of the historical attachment of the Sultans of
Jailolo to the Sultans of Ternate, the present Sultan of Jailolo has
his residence at the back of the palace of the Sultan Ternate. Some
say,he is just a vasal of the Sultan of Ternate, but that is more a
negative saying of not-deep thinking people.
Although nowadays he and his Sultana are permanent visitors
during important occasions of the Royal Court of Ternate. |
|
Jailolo |
1380 Ruler of Jailolo becomes Jikoma Kolano, swapping styles
with the ruler of Ternate.
1557 - 1796 State under Ternate sovereignty.
1803 - 18.. State under Ternate sovereignty.
Sultans (also styled Jikoma Kolano)
1796 - 1803 ....
1803 - 18.. under Ternate sovereignty
1876? Danu Hasan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ternate-Sultan
Mudzafar II Syah |
|
|
|
 |
|
|
When you want to m ake it complete you should put Masjur Kamo Lano
behind his name. Before his predessors had even more elaborate
titles.
When his father Sultan Iskandar Muhammad Djabir Syah (the last
ruling sultan) died in 1975 his crownprince Mudafar became quite
political active for his area and remained as such through out his
life until now. In 1987 he installed himself as Sultan of Ternate,
but in that time that wasn't recognized officially.
He is married now with his 4th wife, which is a princess of
Surakarta.
In 2000 he was in the middle of a poltical crisis in the N-Moluccans,
but now he is in more peacefull political waters. He laso was before
chief of the main Indonesian political party in the N-Moluccans(Golkar)and
chief of the local parliament,but now he shifted his activities more
to the direct welfare of his people,business and his tasks as chief
of the Forum Komunikasi dan Informasi Keraton se Nusantara;the 2nd
biggest representative organisation of the Indonesian dynasties.
His crown is quite a religious symbol (in other parts of Indonesia
the crown is just more a decorative symbol taken from the western
culture). It is said, that it contains hair of the first muslim
Sultan of Ternate, who ruled 5 centuries ago.To discuss about this
item is now not important,more important, that Ternate before in
history was only the 3rd dynasty of 4 of the Moluccans,but because
of clever politics it became the first powerfull of the Moluccans.
The raja dynasty of Loloda in West-Halmaheira says, that is is
descended from a Ternate sultan and the Sultan's dynasty of Jailo
was since several centuries under the political umbrella of Ternate.
It's powerbase in the N-Moluccans is more to the west. Before the
total Moluccans and the westpart of West-Paua was under the
influence of the 4 N-Moluccan sultans.
Even in the Christian part of Indonesia the Sultan has family links,
because his daughter Princess Mira Syah is maried with the Raja of
Amarasi on Timor: Raja Robert Koroh.
The main issue now is to setle, is that not each of the 4 sultanate
area's tries to make his area the most important, but to work
together in true harmomny and that is everywhere in the world the
most difficult thing.
In the N-Moluccans they have the Moloku Kie Raha system:the system
of the 4 Kings of the mountains (the volcano's seen as mountains).
In Ternate they don't have a real father to son succesionsystem. A
candidate is selected by the traditional system chiefs and the
Sultan. That has not been done yet. Maybe the oldest som Prince
Ismunandar Aim Syah will be the crownprince later.
The Sultan is known as a quite educated man and also still speaks
even Dutch.
At least all educated Indonesian people are proud, that they are
still friends with their former colonisers, from which they became
free from 1945-1949. In Indonesia it is like: when the problemaffair
is over there is no need to obstruct, that you can become friend
again with your so-called former enemy. |
|
|
|
Ternate |
1257 State of Ternate founded.
1380 Ruler of Ternate becomes Kolano Maloko,
succeeding the ruler of Jailolo.
1522 - 26 Dec 1575 Portuguese protectorate.
28 Mar 1606 - May 1607 Spanish protectorate.
12 Oct 1676 Dutch protectorate.
25 Oct 1876 - 4 Oct 1879 State interrupted by Netherlands colonial
government.
23 Sep 1915 - 2 Sep 1929 State interrupted by Netherlands colonial
government.
Sultans (also styled Kolano Maloko)
27 Apr 1689 - 8 Dec 1714 Said Fathullah (b. 1657 - d. 1714)
8 Dec 1714 - 8 Dec 1751 Amir Iskandar Zulkarnain Saifuddin (b. 1680
- d. 1751)
8 Dec 1751 - 24 Aug 1754 Binayatullah al-Malik ul-Manab
Amir Iskandar Alauddin Mansur
Shah III (b. 1691 - d. 1754)
24 Aug 1754 - 1763 Amir Iskandar Muda Shah (b. af.1692 - d. 1763)
1763 - 28 Jul 1774 Shahid ul-Muh Taj ul-Rahman
Jalaluddin Shah (b. 1720 - d. 1774)
28 Jul 1774 - 1781 Ikhtias ul-Rahman Wahuwa Said Duna
Amir Iskandar Zulkarnain Azimuddin
Shah (d. 1781)
1781 - 27 Apr 1796 Amir Iskandar II Malik ul-Mulk
ul-Munnawir us-Sadik ul-Mukarram
Shah
27 Apr 1796 - 13 May 1801 Haj ul-Arifin Wahuwa Said Duna
Siraj ul-Buldan Infiluddin
Muharram Amir Iskandar Shah
Muhiuddin Shah (d. 1801)
13 May 1801 - 10 Mar 1807 Sirajul Bilat Shah Taj ul-Aulia
al-Mukarram Amir Iskandar Jihad
Azimuddin (d. 1807)
10 Mar 1807 - 24 Dec 1821 Said ul-Biladi Siraj ul-Kulut
ul-Mulki Amiri Iskandar Zain
ul-Bahrain Wahuwa Khair
us-Salikhin Shah (d. 1824)
(regent for successor to 25 Nov 1824)
24 Dec 1821 - 11 Oct 1823 Saifuddin Iskandar III Nasiruddin
Shah (d. 1823)
11 Oct 1823 - 20 Nov 1859 Taj ul-Mulki Amiruddin Iskandar
Kaulaini Shah (b. 1769 - d. 1859)
20 Nov 1859 - 25 Oct 1876 Binayat Illahi Mamran Siraj
ul-Mulki Amiruddin Iskandar
Wahuwa Mina Salikhin Shah (d. 1876)
25 Oct 1876 - 4 Oct 1879 Interregnum
4 Oct 1879 - Jul 1900 Tajul Mahsil Binayatullah
al-Hannan Siraj ul-Mulk Amiruddin
Iskandar IV Munawar ul-Sadik
Wahuwa Mina al-Adilin Shah (b. 1839 - d. 1900)
Jul 1900 - 20 Feb 1902 Ilham (Kolano Ara Rimoi) (d. 1902)
20 Feb 1902 - 23 Sep 1915 Tajul Mahsil Binayatullah
al-Hannan Siraj ul-Mulk Amiruddin
Iskandar V Munawar ul-Sadik
Wahuwa Mina al-Adilin Shah (d. 1941)
23 Sep 1915 - 2 Sep 1929 Interregnum
2 Sep 1929 - 4 Jul 1975 Iskandar Muhammad Jabir Shah (b. 1902 - d.
1975)
4 Jul 1975 - 29 Nov 1986 Interregnum
29 Nov 1986 - Muzaffar Shah II (b. 1934) |
|
|
|
Tidore-Sultan
H. Djafar Yunus Syah |
Actually the family of the last ruling Sult an of this N-Moluccan
area considered the sultanate as ended. But the people had a need
and asked the 5th degree descendant of the 19th century national
hero Sultan Nuku to be their traditional leader. Since nearly 9
years he is functioning like that and also since some years in
national parliament.Although a time of rivalry within the N-Moluccan
society the harmony is restored now and people and sultans are
working together in good harmony.
He is also a humble and softspeaking man, who has actually some
strong basic principles of life. |
|
|
|
Tidore |
|
bf.1450 State of Tidore founded.
Sultans (also styled Kiema Kolano)
1797 - 14 Nov 1805 Sultan Saidul Jihad Muhammad Nabus
Amiruddin Syah "Jou Barakti"
1805 - 18.. Sultan Jamal Abidin
18.. - 1821 Sultan Muhammad Tahir "Sultan Mossel"
1822 - 1856 Sultan al-Mansur II
1856 - 1865 Sultan Ahmad Safiuddin Syah
"Sultan Arnold Alting"
1865 - 1867 Vacant
1867 - 1893 Sultan Said Ahmad Fathuddin Syah
1893 - 1904 Sultan Iskandar Shajuddin Nur Amal
1999 - Haji Djafar Danoyunus Syah |
|
|
|
Kisar-Raja Johannes
Hermanus J. Bakker |
Raja Johannis J. Bakker (so not with Hermanus).He
is the 12th Radja of Kisar, which is known locally as Yotowawa. The
first Raja, Cornelis Bakker,or Pakar was made ca. 1665 as first Raja
of the island...
Raja Johannis J. Bakker(so not with Hermanus).Hy is de 12e Radja v
Kisar,which is known locally as Yotowawa.The first Raja ;Cornelis
Bakker,or Pakar was made ca. 1665 as first Raja of the island.The
rule was always contested by other clans,because before there were
only clanchiefs and some see the rule of the Rajas of Yotowawa at
Wonréli as a creation of the Dutch.But that complaints you see more
often in history.God gave the tools to make the history on Kisar to
the Dutch,so the Rajas have some rights to be called Rajas of Kisar
.The first Raja had 2 brothers:Norimarnu and Poru,who went to nearby
islands,who began to rule there,so that is the reason,that the
present Raja also claims ruling rights over islands like
Wetar,Roma,Leti and the like.However nowadays this can be seen as a
historical explanation,because politically not much is left of that
claims to consume it.
The present Raja followed his father Raja Hairmere Philipus
Zacharias Bakker after his death as Raja of Yotowawa.
He also,like the present Raja,had some problems with upholding his
rights as Raja.Raja H.P.Z. Bakker ruled 1947-1948.Then there was
uncertainty about the wish of the chiefs to keep him as Raja.After a
ruling council the Raja came back and was known as Raja/nominal-Raja
until 1987.His sons were very well educated.The present Raja had
education for governing.5 years after his installation as Raja he
went to nearby East-Timor,then part of Indonesia,where he was for 5
years government official at Dili.
Kisar is lying very near East-Timor.He there also met his Queen:the
East-Timorese Maria Antonette Ribeiru.In the 5 years he was on
Timor,the chiefs again were questioning the rights of his line to be
Raja of Yotowawa.But after he came back from Timor he was accepted
again as Raja.
One reason for the fact,that he wasn't overall accepted as Raja,was
that he,who was for a long tome outside the island,had not much
knowledge about the local tradition,adat.
They only have one daughter;Ratu Muda Johanita Ike; and in the
tradition of the dynasty only a man can succeed as Raja,so the
present crownprince is the son of his even well educated brother
Raja Muda Drs. Zacharias Bakker:the young Crownprince Pilipus
Hairmera Bakker.
On Kisar there were before a contigent of Dutch soldiers,who were
half forgotten by the Dutch and intermarried with the local
population:they formed the well-known mestizos of Kisar.These little
group also intermarried with the dynasty,so the present Raja of
Yotowawa;like the King/Liurai of OEcusse Ambeno ;East-Timor enclave
in West-Timor;have Dutch blood in his veins.
The present Raja doesn't have real political power,but is respected
very much as a traditional dignitary.No important decission is made
without f.i. consulting the Raja.
The dynasty also have a luxoury history book(only 1 copy)with the
history of the principality and the dynasty in it.But like in much
other parts of Indonesia:it is not available easily,because history
is also a bit religion on Kisar. |
|
|
|
|
|
Up | Ambon | Aru, Kei, Tanimbar | Halmahera | Seram | Buru, Sula | Babar | Damar | Kisar | Leti | Romang | Wetar | Old Dynasties | Arts and Crafts |
|
|
|
